This math glossary gathers the words students meet from 6th to 12th grade: numbers, ratios, expressions, equations, functions, geometry, statistics, probability, trigonometry and calculus. Each entry gives a one-sentence definition, an explanation and a worked example, then links to the Math Made Easy lesson where the term is taught.
Terms are sorted by topic. Pick a topic, then a word, to check the exact meaning of a term before a worksheet, a quiz or a test. The definitions follow the Common Core State Standards and the AP courses: a 6th grader finds “ratio” or “mean absolute deviation”, while an AP student finds “derivative” or “p-value”. When a word grows from one grade to the next, the entry says so and gives an example at the right level.
To go further, each entry leads to the lessons, the worksheets and the tests of the chapter where the term is taught. Read the definition, redo the example by hand, then solve a problem: that is the best way to remember a word for good.
Math Made Easy glossary: every key math term from 6th to 12th grade, defined in one sentence, explained with a worked example and linked to the lesson where it is taught.
A
GeometryAA SimilarityThe AA criterion states that if two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles…GeometryAAS CongruenceThe AAS criterion states that if two angles and a non-included side of one triangle match…FunctionsAbsolute Value FunctionThe absolute value function f(x) = |x| returns the distance of x from zero, and its…NumbersAbsolute ValueThe absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on the number line, so…GeometryAdjacent AnglesAdjacent angles are two angles that share a common vertex and a common side, but do…AlgebraAlgebraic ExpressionAn algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that combines numbers, variables, and operation symbols, but has…GeometryAlternate Interior AnglesAlternate interior angles lie between two lines on opposite sides of a transversal; when the lines…FunctionsAmplitudeThe amplitude of a sine or cosine graph is half the distance between its maximum and…GeometryAngle BisectorAn angle bisector is a ray from the vertex of an angle that splits it into…GeometryAngle of ElevationThe angle of elevation is the angle between the horizontal line of sight and the line…CalculusAntiderivativeAn antiderivative of f is a function F whose derivative is f; every function has a…GeometryArc LengthArc length is the distance along a circle between two points, equal to the fraction (angle…MeasurementArea of a CircleThe area of a circle is pi times the square of its radius, A = pi…MeasurementArea of a TriangleThe area of a triangle equals one half times its base times its height, A =…AlgebraArithmetic SequenceAn arithmetic sequence is an ordered list of numbers in which each term is found by…AlgebraArithmetic seriesAn arithmetic series is the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence, whose consecutive terms…GeometryASA CongruenceThe ASA criterion states that if two angles and the included side of one triangle match…FunctionsAsymptoteAn asymptote is a line that a graph gets closer and closer to without ever settling…FunctionsAverage Rate of ChangeThe average rate of change of a function over an interval is the change in output…FunctionsAxis of SymmetryThe axis of symmetry of a parabola is the vertical line through its vertex that divides…
B
ProbabilityBinomial distributionA binomial distribution gives the probabilities of the number of successes in a fixed number of…AlgebraBinomial theoremThe binomial theorem expands a power of a two-term sum, (a + b) to the n,…AlgebraBinomialA binomial is a polynomial with exactly two unlike terms, such as 3x + 5 or…StatisticsBox PlotA box plot is a data display that uses a number line to show the minimum,…
C
GeometryCavalieri's PrincipleCavalieri's principle says that two solids of equal height have equal volume if every parallel cross-section…GeometryCentral AngleA central angle has its vertex at the center of a circle, and its measure equals…StatisticsCentral limit theoremThe central limit theorem says the distribution of sample means becomes approximately normal as the sample…GeometryCentroidThe centroid of a triangle is the point where its three medians meet, the triangle center…CalculusChain ruleThe chain rule differentiates a composite function: the derivative of f of g of x is…FunctionsChange of base formulaThe change of base formula rewrites a logarithm in any base as a quotient of logarithms…StatisticsChi-square testA chi-square test compares observed counts with expected counts in categorical data to judge whether a…GeometryChordA chord is a segment whose endpoints both lie on a circle; the longest chord is…GeometryCircumcenterThe circumcenter of a triangle is the point where the three perpendicular bisectors of its sides…MeasurementCircumferenceCircumference is the distance around a circle, equal to pi times the diameter, or C =…AlgebraCoefficientA coefficient is the number multiplied by a variable in a term, such as the 9…AlgebraCommon DifferenceThe common difference is the constant amount added to each term of an arithmetic sequence to…AlgebraCommon RatioThe common ratio is the constant multiplier that takes each term of a geometric sequence to…GeometryComplementary AnglesComplementary angles are two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees, and together they form…AlgebraCompleting the SquareCompleting the square rewrites a quadratic expression as a squared binomial plus a constant by adding…NumbersComplex conjugateThe conjugate of the complex number a + bi is a - bi, the same number…NumbersComplex numberA complex number is a number of the form a + bi, where a and b…FunctionsComposition of functionsComposition of functions means feeding the output of one function into another, written (f o g)(x)…ProbabilityCompound EventA compound event is an event made of two or more simple events, such as flipping…AlgebraCompound InequalityA compound inequality joins two inequalities with and or or; an and statement describes an overlap…FunctionsCompound InterestCompound interest is interest earned on both the original principal and the interest already added, giving…CalculusConcavityConcavity describes how a graph bends: concave up when the slope is increasing, which means the…Conditional StatementA conditional statement has the form if p, then q; it is false only when p…StatisticsConfidence intervalA confidence interval is a range of plausible values for a population parameter, built from sample…GeometryCongruent FiguresCongruent figures have exactly the same shape and size, so one can be moved onto the…GeometryConic sectionA conic section is a curve formed by slicing a double cone with a plane; the…AlgebraConstant of ProportionalityThe constant of proportionality is the constant ratio y/x in a proportional relationship, the number k…CalculusContinuityA function is continuous at a point when the limit exists there, the function is defined…GeometryCoordinate PlaneThe coordinate plane is a flat grid formed by a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis…StatisticsCorrelation coefficientThe correlation coefficient r measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two quantitative…StatisticsCorrelation vs. CausationCorrelation means two variables move together; causation means a change in one produces a change in…GeometryCorresponding AnglesCorresponding angles occupy the same relative position at two intersections of a transversal; when the lines…GeometryCosine RatioIn a right triangle, the cosine of an acute angle is the length of the side…CounterexampleA counterexample is a single specific case that satisfies the hypothesis of a statement but fails…GeometryCPCTCCPCTC stands for Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent; once triangles are proven congruent, all…CalculusCritical pointA critical point of a function is an input where the derivative equals zero or fails…GeometryCross SectionA cross section is the two-dimensional shape you see when a plane slices through a three-dimensional…NumbersCube RootThe cube root of a number is the value that, when used as a factor three…
D
CalculusDefinite integralThe definite integral of a function from a to b is the net signed area between…AlgebraDegree of a PolynomialThe degree of a polynomial is the highest exponent found on its variable once like terms…CalculusDerivativeThe derivative of a function at a point is the instantaneous rate of change there, equal…AlgebraDeterminantThe determinant is a single number computed from a square matrix; it equals the signed area…AlgebraDifference of SquaresA difference of squares is an expression of the form a^2 - b^2, which always factors…CalculusDifferential equationA differential equation is an equation that relates a function to its derivatives; solving it means…GeometryDilationA dilation is a transformation that enlarges or shrinks a figure by a scale factor from…AlgebraDiscriminantThe discriminant of ax^2 + bx + c = 0 is b^2 - 4ac; its sign…GeometryDistance on the Coordinate PlaneThe distance between two points on a coordinate plane is found by treating them as ends…AlgebraDistributive PropertyThe distributive property says that multiplying a number by a sum equals multiplying it by each…OperationsDividing FractionsTo divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal: a/b divided by c/d equals a/b times…FunctionsDomainThe domain of a function is the complete set of input values, usually x-values, for which…StatisticsDot PlotA dot plot is a data display that places one dot above a number line for…GeometryDot productThe dot product of two vectors multiplies matching components and adds the results, producing a single…FunctionsDouble-angle formulaDouble-angle formulas express the sine and cosine of twice an angle in terms of the angle…
E
AlgebraElimination MethodThe elimination method solves a system by adding or subtracting the equations, after scaling them if…GeometryEllipseAn ellipse is the set of points whose distances to two fixed points, the foci, add…FunctionsEnd behaviorEnd behavior describes what happens to the values of a function as x grows very large…GeometryEquation of a CircleThe equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is (x - h)^2…AlgebraEquationAn equation is a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal, joined by an equal sign,…AlgebraEquivalent ExpressionsEquivalent expressions are expressions that have the same value for every value of their variables, even…NumbersEquivalent RatiosEquivalent ratios are ratios that express the same relationship, found by multiplying or dividing both quantities…AlgebraEvaluate an ExpressionTo evaluate an expression means to replace each variable with a given number and then calculate…AlgebraExplicit FormulaAn explicit formula gives the nth term of a sequence directly from its position n, so…OperationsExponentAn exponent tells how many times a base is used as a factor in repeated multiplication,…FunctionsExponential DecayExponential decay occurs when a quantity is multiplied by the same factor between 0 and 1…AlgebraExponential equationAn exponential equation has the unknown in an exponent, such as 4 to the x equals…FunctionsExponential GrowthExponential growth occurs when a quantity is multiplied by the same factor greater than 1 in…
F
AlgebraFactor theoremThe factor theorem says x - c is a factor of a polynomial f(x) exactly when…AlgebraFactoringFactoring rewrites an expression as a product of simpler expressions, reversing multiplication; for example, x^2 +…AlgebraFOIL MethodFOIL is a memory aid for multiplying two binomials: multiply the First, Outer, Inner, and Last…FunctionsFunction NotationFunction notation writes the output of a function f for an input x as f(x), read…FunctionsFunctionA function is a rule that assigns exactly one output to each input, so no input…CalculusFundamental theorem of calculusThe fundamental theorem of calculus connects derivatives and integrals: differentiating an accumulation function returns the integrand,…
G
AlgebraGeometric SequenceA geometric sequence is an ordered list of numbers in which each term is the previous…AlgebraGeometric seriesA geometric series is the sum of terms in which each term is the previous one…AlgebraGreatest Common Factor of an ExpressionThe greatest common factor of an expression is the largest number and highest power of each…NumbersGreatest Common FactorThe greatest common factor of two or more whole numbers is the largest whole number that…FunctionsGrowth FactorThe growth factor is the number b in an exponential function y = a * b^x;…
H
StatisticsHistogramA histogram is a bar graph for numerical data that groups values into equal-width intervals and…GeometryHL CongruenceThe HL criterion states that two right triangles are congruent if their hypotenuses are congruent and…GeometryHyperbolaA hyperbola is the set of points whose distances to two foci differ by a constant;…GeometryHypotenuseThe hypotenuse is the longest side of a right triangle, located directly opposite the right angle.StatisticsHypothesis testA hypothesis test, or significance test, uses sample data to decide whether there is convincing evidence…
I
NumbersImaginary unitThe imaginary unit, written i, is the number whose square is negative 1, so i equals…CalculusImplicit differentiationImplicit differentiation finds dy/dx for a relation where y is not isolated, by differentiating both sides…GeometryIncenterThe incenter of a triangle is the point where its three angle bisectors meet; it is…AlgebraIndependent and Dependent VariablesThe independent variable is the input that you choose or change, and the dependent variable is…AlgebraInequalityAn inequality is a mathematical statement that compares two expressions using less than, greater than, at…CalculusInflection pointAn inflection point is a point on a continuous graph where the concavity changes, so the…GeometryInscribed AngleAn inscribed angle has its vertex on a circle and its sides are chords; its measure…NumbersIntegerAn integer is any whole number or its opposite, including positive whole numbers, negative whole numbers,…StatisticsInterquartile RangeThe interquartile range, or IQR, is the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile,…FunctionsInverse functionAn inverse function reverses another function: if f sends x to y, then f inverse sends…AlgebraInverse matrixThe inverse of a square matrix A is the matrix that multiplies with A to give…FunctionsInverse sine functionThe inverse sine function, written arcsin or sin inverse, returns the angle between negative pi over…GeometryInverse Trigonometric FunctionsInverse trigonometric functions take a ratio of sides and return the acute angle that produces it;…NumbersIrrational NumberAn irrational number is a real number that cannot be written as a fraction of two…
K
L
CalculusL'Hopital's ruleL'Hopital's rule evaluates a limit of the form 0/0 or infinity/infinity by replacing the quotient of…GeometryLaw of CosinesThe law of cosines states that c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab cos C, relating…GeometryLaw of SinesThe law of sines states that in any triangle, each side divided by the sine of…OperationsLaws of ExponentsThe laws of exponents are rules for simplifying powers, such as adding exponents when multiplying powers…AlgebraLeading CoefficientThe leading coefficient is the number multiplying the term of highest degree when a polynomial is…NumbersLeast Common MultipleThe least common multiple of two or more whole numbers is the smallest positive number that…AlgebraLike TermsLike terms are terms that have exactly the same variables raised to the same powers, so…CalculusLimitA limit is the value a function approaches as its input gets closer and closer to…StatisticsLine of Best FitA line of best fit is a straight line drawn through a scatter plot that follows…GeometryLine SegmentA line segment is the part of a line between two endpoints, containing both endpoints and…FunctionsLinear FunctionA linear function is a function whose graph is a straight line, with a constant rate…FunctionsLogarithmA logarithm answers the question: to what exponent must a base be raised to produce a…
M
GeometryMagnitude of a vectorThe magnitude of a vector is its length, found with the Pythagorean theorem: for the vector…StatisticsMargin of errorThe margin of error is the amount added and subtracted from a sample estimate to form…AlgebraMatrix multiplicationMatrix multiplication builds each entry of the product by taking the dot product of a row…AlgebraMatrixA matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns, used to organize…StatisticsMean Absolute DeviationMean absolute deviation, or MAD, is the average distance of the data values from their mean,…CalculusMean value theoremThe mean value theorem says that for a function continuous on [a, b] and differentiable inside,…StatisticsMeanThe mean is the average of a data set, found by adding all the values and…GeometryMedian of a TriangleA median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the…StatisticsMedianThe median is the middle value of a data set when the numbers are listed in…GeometryMidpointThe midpoint of a segment is the point exactly halfway between its endpoints, dividing the segment…GeometryMidsegment of a TriangleA midsegment of a triangle joins the midpoints of two sides; it is parallel to the…StatisticsModeThe mode is the value that appears most often in a data set, and a set…AlgebraMonomialA monomial is a polynomial with exactly one term: a number, a variable, or a product…
N
FunctionsNatural logarithmThe natural logarithm, written ln x, is the logarithm with base e, where e is approximately…GeometryNetA net is a flat, two-dimensional pattern that can be folded to make a three-dimensional solid,…StatisticsNormal distributionThe normal distribution is a symmetric, bell-shaped model described by its mean and standard deviation, where…StatisticsNull hypothesisThe null hypothesis is the default claim of no effect or no difference, stated as an…NumbersNumber LineA number line is a straight line on which every point matches a number, with equal…
O
NumbersOpposite NumbersOpposite numbers are two numbers that lie the same distance from zero on the number line…OperationsOrder of OperationsThe order of operations is the agreed sequence for evaluating an expression: grouping symbols, exponents, multiplication…GeometryOrthocenterThe orthocenter of a triangle is the point where its three altitudes meet; the altitudes are…StatisticsOutlierAn outlier is a data value that lies unusually far from the other values in a…
P
StatisticsP-valueThe p-value is the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, of getting a result at…FunctionsParabolaA parabola is the U-shaped curve that is the graph of a quadratic function; it is…GeometryParallelogramA parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides; its opposite sides are congruent,…FunctionsParametric equationsParametric equations describe a curve by giving x and y each as a function of a…OperationsPEMDASPEMDAS is a memory aid for the order of operations: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, then…NumbersPercent ChangePercent change is the amount of increase or decrease in a quantity, written as a percent…NumbersPercent Increase and DiscountA markup or discount is a percent of the original price that is added to or…NumbersPercentA percent is a ratio that compares a number to 100, written with the symbol %,…AlgebraPerfect Square TrinomialA perfect square trinomial is a trinomial that equals a binomial squared: a^2 + 2ab +…NumbersPerfect SquareA perfect square is a number that equals an integer multiplied by itself, such as 49…FunctionsPeriod of a functionThe period of a repeating function is the length of the shortest interval after which its…GeometryPerpendicular BisectorA perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line that passes through its midpoint at a…FunctionsPhase shiftA phase shift is the horizontal translation of a trigonometric graph; for y = A sin(B(x…GeometryPiPi is the constant ratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter, an irrational number approximately…FunctionsPiecewise FunctionA piecewise function uses different rules on different parts of its domain, so its graph is…FunctionsPoint-Slope FormPoint-slope form writes a line as y - y1 = m(x - x1), using the slope…GeometryPolar coordinatesPolar coordinates locate a point by its distance r from the origin and its angle theta…NumbersPolar form of a complex numberThe polar form of a complex number writes it as r(cos theta + i sin theta),…GeometryPolygonA polygon is a closed flat figure made of three or more straight line segments that…AlgebraPolynomialA polynomial is an expression made of terms that are numbers times variables raised to whole-number…StatisticsPopulation and SampleA population is the entire group you want to learn about, and a sample is the…ProbabilityProbabilityProbability is a number from 0 to 1 that measures how likely an event is to…CalculusProduct ruleThe product rule gives the derivative of two functions multiplied together: the derivative of f times…AlgebraProportional RelationshipA proportional relationship is a relationship between two quantities in which the ratio of one to…GeometryPythagorean TheoremThe Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the…
Q
GeometryQuadrantA quadrant is one of the four regions into which the x-axis and y-axis divide the…AlgebraQuadratic EquationA quadratic equation is an equation that can be written as ax^2 + bx + c…AlgebraQuadratic FormulaThe quadratic formula, x = (-b plus or minus the square root of (b^2 - 4ac))…FunctionsQuadratic FunctionA quadratic function is a function that can be written as f(x) = ax^2 + bx…StatisticsQuartileQuartiles are the three values that cut an ordered data set into four parts with equal…
R
MeasurementRadianA radian is the angle at the center of a circle that cuts off an arc…AlgebraRadical ExpressionA radical expression contains a root symbol, such as the square root or cube root of…FunctionsRange of a FunctionThe range of a function is the set of all output values, usually y-values, that the…StatisticsRangeThe range of a data set is the difference between its greatest value and its least…FunctionsRate of ChangeThe rate of change describes how fast one quantity changes compared with another, found by dividing…NumbersRateA rate is a ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units, such as miles…NumbersRatioA ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division, written a:b, a to b, or…AlgebraRational ExponentA rational exponent is a fractional power: a^(m/n) means the nth root of a, raised to…FunctionsRational functionA rational function is a ratio of two polynomials, f(x) = p(x)/q(x) with q(x) not zero,…NumbersRational NumberA rational number is any number that can be written as a fraction of two integers…GeometryRayA ray is a part of a line that starts at one endpoint and extends forever…NumbersReciprocalThe reciprocal of a nonzero number is the number you multiply it by to get 1,…AlgebraRecursive FormulaA recursive formula defines each term of a sequence from the term or terms before it,…GeometryReflectionA reflection is a transformation that flips a figure over a line, called the line of…CalculusRelated ratesRelated rates problems connect how fast several changing quantities move over time, using an equation that…StatisticsRelative FrequencyRelative frequency is the fraction or percent of the total that falls in a category, found…AlgebraRemainder theoremThe remainder theorem states that when a polynomial f(x) is divided by x - c, the…StatisticsResidual plotA residual plot graphs the differences between observed and predicted values against the predictor, showing whether…StatisticsResidualA residual is the difference between an observed y-value and the y-value predicted by a model,…GeometryRhombusA rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides; its diagonals are perpendicular and bisect the…CalculusRiemann sumA Riemann sum approximates the area under a curve by adding the areas of thin rectangles…GeometryRigid MotionA rigid motion is a transformation that preserves distance and angle measure, so the image is…GeometryRotationA rotation is a transformation that turns every point of a figure by a given angle…
S
ProbabilitySample SpaceThe sample space of an experiment is the set of all possible outcomes, which can be…StatisticsSampling distributionA sampling distribution shows how a statistic, such as a sample proportion or mean, varies across…GeometrySAS CongruenceThe SAS criterion states that if two sides and the included angle of one triangle match…GeometryScale DrawingA scale drawing is a smaller or larger picture of a real object in which all…GeometryScale FactorA scale factor is the number by which every length of a figure is multiplied to…StatisticsScatter PlotA scatter plot is a graph of ordered pairs that shows the relationship between two numerical…NumbersScientific NotationScientific notation writes a number as a product of a value from 1 up to 10…GeometrySector of a CircleA sector is the region of a circle bounded by two radii and the arc between…AlgebraSigma notationSigma notation uses the Greek letter sigma to write a sum compactly, showing a formula, an…GeometrySimilar FiguresSimilar figures have the same shape but not necessarily the same size, with equal corresponding angles…NumbersSimple InterestSimple interest is money earned or owed on only the original amount, calculated with the formula…StatisticsSimple Random SampleA simple random sample is a sample chosen so that every member of the population has…GeometrySine RatioIn a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is the length of the side…CalculusSlope fieldA slope field is a grid of short line segments showing the slope that a differential…FunctionsSlope-Intercept FormSlope-intercept form is the equation y = mx + b of a line, where m is…FunctionsSlopeSlope is a number that measures how steep a line is, found by dividing the vertical…GeometrySOH CAH TOASOH CAH TOA is a mnemonic for the three right-triangle ratios: sine is opposite over hypotenuse,…NumbersSquare RootThe square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives that…GeometrySSS CongruenceThe SSS criterion states that if three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides…StatisticsStandard deviationThe standard deviation measures how far data values typically fall from the mean; a small value…FunctionsStandard Form of a LineStandard form writes a linear equation as Ax + By = C, with A, B, and…StatisticsStatistical QuestionA statistical question is a question that expects different answers from different individuals, so the answer…AlgebraSubstitution MethodThe substitution method solves a system of equations by solving one equation for a variable and…GeometrySupplementary AnglesSupplementary angles are two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees, and together they form…MeasurementSurface AreaSurface area is the total area of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure, measured in…AlgebraSynthetic divisionSynthetic division is a shortcut for dividing a polynomial by a linear factor x - c,…AlgebraSystem of EquationsA system of equations is a set of two or more equations with the same variables,…
T
StatisticsT-distributionThe t-distribution is a bell-shaped model with heavier tails than the normal, used for inference about…GeometryTangent RatioIn a right triangle, the tangent of an acute angle is the length of the opposite…GeometryTangent to a CircleA tangent to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point…ProbabilityTheoretical and Experimental ProbabilityTheoretical probability is what should happen based on equally likely outcomes, while experimental probability is what…GeometryTransformationA transformation is a rule that moves or resizes a figure on the plane, such as…GeometryTranslationA translation is a transformation that slides every point of a figure the same distance in…GeometryTransversal and Parallel LinesA transversal is a line that crosses two or more other lines, and when those lines…GeometryTrapezoidA trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides, called bases; its…FunctionsTrigonometric identityA trigonometric identity is an equation involving trig functions that is true for every angle where…AlgebraTrinomialA trinomial is a polynomial with exactly three unlike terms, for example x^2 + 5x +…AlgebraTwo-Step EquationA two-step equation is an equation that needs two inverse operations to solve, such as 3x…AlgebraTwo-Step InequalityA two-step inequality is solved like a two-step equation, but you must reverse the inequality symbol…StatisticsTwo-Way TableA two-way table shows how often each combination of two categorical variables occurs, with rows for…StatisticsType I errorA Type I error happens when a test rejects a true null hypothesis; its probability equals…
U
CalculusU-substitutionU-substitution simplifies an integral by replacing an inner function with a new variable u, reversing the…GeometryUnit circleThe unit circle is the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin; the point at…NumbersUnit RateA unit rate is a rate in which the second quantity is exactly one unit, such…GeometryUnit vectorA unit vector is a vector of length 1; dividing any nonzero vector by its own…
V
AlgebraVariableA variable is a letter or symbol that stands for a number that can change or…GeometryVectorA vector is a quantity with both magnitude and direction, drawn as an arrow and written…FunctionsVertex FormVertex form writes a quadratic function as y = a(x - h)^2 + k, so the…FunctionsVertex of a ParabolaThe vertex of a parabola is its turning point, the lowest point if it opens upward…GeometryVertical AnglesVertical angles are the pair of opposite angles formed when two lines cross, and they always…MeasurementVolume of a CylinderThe volume of a cylinder is the area of its circular base times its height, V…MeasurementVolume of a Rectangular PrismThe volume of a rectangular prism is the product of its length, width, and height, V…
Y
Z
StatisticsZ-scoreA z-score tells how many standard deviations a value lies above or below the mean, computed…FunctionsZero of a FunctionA zero of a function is an input value x for which f(x) = 0; on…AlgebraZero Product PropertyThe zero product property states that if a product of factors equals zero, then at least…